
LM5030
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SNVS215D –APRIL 2003–REVISED NOVEMBER 2015
7.3 Feature Description
7.3.1 High-Voltage Start-Up Regulator
The LM5030 contains an internal high-voltage start-up regulator. The input pin (VIN) can be connected directly to
line voltages as high as 100 V. The regulator output is internally current limited to 10 mA. Upon power up, the
regulator is enabled and sources current into an external capacitor connected to the VCC pin. The recommended
capacitance range for the VCC regulator is 0.1 µF to 50 µF. When the voltage on the VCC pin reaches the
regulation point of 7.7 V, the controller outputs are enabled. The outputs will remain enabled unless, VCC falls
below 6.1 V or if the SS/SHUTDOWN pin is pulled to ground or an over temperature condition occurs. In typical
applications, an auxiliary transformer winding is diode connected to the VCC pin. This winding raises the VCC
voltage greater than 8 V, effectively shutting off the internal start-up regulator and saving power while reducing
the controller dissipation. The external VCC capacitor must be sized such that the self-bias will maintain a VCC
voltage greater than 6.1 V during the initial start-up. During a fault mode when the converter self bias winding is
inactive, external current draw on the VCC line should be limited as to not exceed the maximum power dissipation
of the controller. An external start-up or other bias rail can be used instead of the internal start-up regulator by
connecting the VCC and the Vin pins and feeding the external bias voltage (8 V to 15 V) to that node.
7.3.2 Error Amplifier
An internal high gain error amplifier is provided within the LM5030. The noninverting reference of the amplifier is
tied to 1.25 V. In nonisolated applications the power converter output is connected to the VFB pin via the voltage
setting resistors and loop compensation is connected between the COMP and VFB pins.
For most isolated applications the error amplifier function is implemented on the secondary side ground. Because
the internal error amplifier is configured as an open drain output it can be disabled by connecting VFB to ground.
The internal 5-kΩpullup resistor, connected between the 5-V reference and COMP, can be used as the pullup
for an optocoupler or other isolation device.
7.3.3 PWM Comparator
The PWM comparator compares the compensated current ramp signal to the loop error voltage from the internal
error amplifier (COMP pin). This comparator is optimized for speed in order to achieve minimum discernable duty
cycles. The comparator polarity is such that 0 V on the COMP pin will cause a zero duty cycle.
7.3.4 Current Limit and Current Sense
The LM5030 contains two levels of over-current protection. If the voltage on the current sense comparator
exceeds 0.5 V the present cycle is terminated (cycle-by-cycle current limit). If the voltage on the current sense
comparator exceeds 0.625 V, the controller will terminate the present cycle and discharge the softstart capacitor.
A small RC filter, located near the controller, is recommended for the CS pin. An internal MOSFET discharges
the current sense filter capacitor at the conclusion of every cycle, to improve dynamic performance.
The LM5030 CS and PWM comparators are very fast, and as such will respond to short duration noise pulses.
Layout considerations are critical for the current sense filter and sense resistor. The capacitor associated with the
CS filter must be placed very close to the device and connected directly to the pins of the IC (CS and RTN). Also
if a current sense transformer is used, both leads of the transformer secondary should be routed to the sense
resistor, which should also be located close to the IC. If a current sense resistor located in the drive transistor
sources is used, for current sense, a low inductance resistor should be chosen. In this case all of the noise
sensitive low power grounds should be commoned together around the IC and then a single connection should
be made to the power ground (sense resistor ground point).
The second level threshold is intended to protect the power converter by initiating a low duty cycle hiccup mode
when abnormally high, fast rising currents occur. During excessive loading, the first level threshold will always be
reached and the output characteristic of the converter will be that of a current source but this sustained current
level can cause excessive temperatures in the power train especially the output rectifiers. If the second level
threshold is reached, the softstart capacitor will be fully discharged, a retry will commence following the
discharge detection. The second level threshold will only be reached when a high dV/dt is present at the current
sense pin. The signal must be fast enough to reach the second level threshold before the first threshold detector
turns off the driver. This can usually happen for a saturated power inductor or shorted load. Excessive filtering on
the CS pin, extremely low value current sense resistor or an inductor that does not saturate with excessive
loading may prevent the second level threshold from ever being reached.
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